Law Wei Min, Flight Sergeant
1956
The 1954 Annual Camp which was to be held at Changi,
Singapore, did not take place owing to the floods. The Cadets had their 1955
Annual Camp at Sambawang, Singapore, from August 7th to 17th. At camp the Cadets
of No. 1 Squadron were smart in their turn out and showed keen interest in games
and sports and carried away most of the prizes.
Mr. Saunderson, the Master-in-Charge of the School Flight,
was very helpful to the Corps by giving lectures to the Cadets in Proficiency
"A" Training. We were very sorry to lose him when he left us for England and
wish him the best of luck. In his place, we have Mr. Michael Peter and Mr. E.
J. Lawerence as Masters-in-charge.
The Adjutant of the No. 1 Squadron (Selangor), Pilot
Officer T. Navaratnam, became the new Commanding Officer of the Selangor
Squadron when the former Commanding Officer, Flight-Lieutenant S. Anthony,
resigned.
Cadets in weekday drills on school premises (1956)
Many Cadets have resigned owing to the completion of
their school careers, thus reducing the strength of the School Flight.
Fifteen boys were recruited from the School and after training, they sat
for the preliminary examination and were all successful. They will be
issued with uniforms and will then be given further training and lectures
for the basic examination.
The V.I. Flight was without a Flight Sergeant from the
beginning of the year as the former Flight Sergeant, Mohd. Som, had left
school. The following were promoted with effect from 24th June, 1956:-
Sgt Chan Teck Heng to Flight Sergeant
Cadet Liew Kon Foo to Corporal
Cadet C. Ariaratnam to Corporal
There are two Flights in-the School at present, one
of older Cadets and the other of recruits. The following are the Cadets:-
Flt Sgt Chan Teck Heng, Corporal Zainal Azman bin Omar,
Corporal C. Ariaratnam, Corporal Liew Kon Foo, A.C. 2 Abdullah Junai, V.
Balasubramaniam, Chan Kean Leong, Chew Kim Chwee, Hamid Lian, Kandasamy,
Kwong Pak Kong, Krishna R., Mohd. Razali b. Dato Yahaya, Nik Osman Ariff,
Rajaselvam.
The recruits are: Abdul Ghafar b. Hassan, Abdul Karim b.
Abdul, Rani, Balwant Singh, Gurbachan Singh, Ismail b. Ibrahim, Jerry D.
Sekvader, Kwan Pak Cheen, N. P. Doshi, R. Anandaraju, Samarrendu Paul, Shariful
Azman b. Othman, V. Gunaseelan, Wong Peng Yew, N. Selvarajah.
The Air Training Corps will have its annual camp during
the August holidays at Sembawang in Singapore.
Chan Teck Heng, Flight Sergeant
1957
This Corps is a youth organisation to train boys
as future airmen. It comprises three Squadrons, namely No. 1 Squadron,
Selangor; No. 2 Squadron, Penang; and No. 3 Squadron, Perak. The No. 1
Squadron, Selangor, is made up of four flights of boys from various
schools.
The 1957 Annual Camp was held in Seletar, Singapore,
during the April holidays. In camp the Cadets were smart in their turn
out and showed great interest in their duties, and the camp turned out
to be very successful and enjoyable.
Recruits together with a few of the older Cadets are
now undergoing training in foot-drill, rifle-drill, morse, map reading,
aircraft-recognition and ground-combat.
After the resignation of our Flight Sergeant, Chan Teck
Heng, the following were promoted with effect from February 24th, 1957:—
Corporal Liew Kon Foo to Sergeant.
Cadet Kwan Pak Kong to Corporal.
The V.I. Flight is under the command of the Adjutant,
Pilot Officer E. J. Lawrence.
Sgt Liew Kon Foo
1958
no report!
1959
Pupils from the Victoria Institution form the
"A" Flight in the Federation of Malaya Air Training Corps. The
strength of the V.I. Flight is 25.
Flight Officer E. J. Lawrence, the Adjutant,
and Pilot Officer Dorairaj are in charge of the Flight.
The government is awarding scholarships to
outstanding Air Cadets to obtain a private pilot's licence. Three
names have been suggested from this school for the scholarships.
They are L.A.C. Balwant Singh, L.A.C. Anandaraju and Sgt. Doshi,
N.P.
The annual camp this year will be held during
the December holidays. The various squadrons from Penang, Perak
and Selangor will meet together and experience rigid camp life.
There will also be other activities such as range practice, flying
and drill.
Recruitment will take place at the beginning
of the year.
Sgt N.P. Doshi
1960
The headquarters of the No. 1 Squadron
(Selangor), Federation of Malaya Air Training Corps, lies sandwiched
between the hangars of the Flying Club and Airport building. The
atmosphere here is always perfect for the purposes of practical
lessons and training.
The ATC has been very active this year in
all fields of its training. The timetable for lessons on theory has
been reorganised and a period for the recruits, has been introduced
too. Training (foot and rifle drill) periods have been shortened
considerably because the strain on the cadets, particularly in the
blazing morning heat on Sunday is beyond their endurance. Their
lessons include lectures on Aircraft Recognition, Jungle Survival,
Morse Code, Map Reading and Theory of Flight (which, of course,
includes basic working principles of the aircraft controls and
engine).
During the past years the ATC has earned
a good name for itself for its smartness at official public
parades. This year they upheld that name during the Merdeka
Youth Rally when they showed their ability with the .303 (Mark 5)
rifles which they used for the first time.
The ATC has many attractions, one of which
is the flying scholarship. It is awarded annually to the most
outstanding cadet. This scholarship offers training until the
Cadet acquires his Private Pilot's Licence, which is a very
high qualification indeed.
The Annual Camp is an affair always anxiously
awaited for. It brings together the cadets of the Penang, Perak
and Selangor squadrons for ten days. Last December the Camp was
held in the billets of the RMAF. Everybody enjoys an Annual
Camp and this was no exception. There were games, swimming, flying,
shooting, excursions to factories and lessons in parachute packing.
The camp for the Singapore Cadets is a bigger affair. Well over
two thousand boys attend. Guest cadets from other nations are
always invited to their Camp. Two of our smartest cadets are
among the invited guests. Their activities are greater for they
have jet flights and speed boat trips round the island.
The V.I. Flight has always formed a major part
of the Corps. But, today, our strength has been reduced owing to
the resignation of older cadets who have left school. As a result
there are only three NCOs in the V.I. Flight.
They are:
Flt Sgt Bhaskar G. Raye.
Sgt Dibakar G. Raye.
Cpl Phang Kwan On.
To supplement our reduced strength, twenty-five
boys have been recruited. We hope, under the able guidance of Pilot
Officer Dorai Raj and Flying Officer Lawrence, they will turn out
to be good and successful cadets. But, they must remember that to
win flying scholarships, or to be elected the smartest cadet for the
Singapore Camp, or to pass their examinations, they must possess
proper initiative, sense of responsibility and discipline.
Bhaskar G. Raye, Flt Sgt
1961
The Headquarters of the No.l Squadron (Selangor),
Federation of Malaya Air Training Corps which formerly lay sandwiched
between the hangers of the Flying Club and the Airport building has
been shifted to a new building situated on a hill overlooking the old
Headquarters. The atmosphere here is always perfect for practical
lessons and training.
Annual Camp, RMAF Base, Sungai Besi (1961)
The FMATC has been very active this year in
all fields of its training. Besides foot and rifle drill, lessons
which include aircraft recognition, jungle survival, morse code, map
reading and theory of flight are also given. There are also film shows
once a fortnight.
The Corps has many other attractions, one of which
is the Flying Scholarship. The scholarship offers training until the
cadet acquires his Private Pilot's licence.
The Annual Camp is an affair always anxiously waited
for. It brings together cadets of the Penang, Perak and Selangor Squadrons
for ten days. At this year's Camp we are going to miss the Penang and
Perak Squadrons for they have been disbanded.
The V.I. cadets form the "A" Flight which has formed
a major part of the ATC. But due to the resignations of older cadets,
our strength has been reduced to 28 cadets only. As a result, there are
only three NCOs in the V.I. Flight.
They are:
Sgt Alias Shariff
Sgt Low Choo Poh
Sgt N. Rajendran
To supplement our reduced strength, 25 boys have been
recruited and we hope they will turn out to be good and successful cadets
under the able guidance of F/O E. J. Lawrence and Mr. V. Manuel.
Parade inspection by Deputy Prime Minister, Dato' Abdul Razak (1961)
At present, the ATC is preparing for the "Fiesta
Parade" and the Fourth Merdeka Anniversary Parade to be held at the
Merdeka Stadium.
Sgt Alias Shariff
1962
The aim of the FMATC is not only to
provide a solid foundation for our air-minded youths who intend
to secure a career in our young but rapidly expanding Air Force
or in civil aviation, but also to train other youths to better
citizens of our nation.
The present Headquarters of No. 1 Squadron,
FMATC lies on a hill immediately opposite and behind the K.
L. International Airport and commands a panoramic view of the
6,200 ft. runway and most parts of the Royal Malayan Air Force
base. This provides a very suitable atmosphere for training,
especially with the activities of arriving and departing aircraft
as a natural background.
Parades are held on Tuesday afternoons and
Sunday mornings. Training is varied and falls under two main
categories:
Foot and Rifle drill
Lectures
Lectures given to cadets include Theory
of Flight, Aircraft Recognition, Morse Code, Map Reading,
Security, and Elementary Meteorology.
In addition, pilots of the RMAF and
the Malayan Airways occasionally give lectures, the former
on the various aircraft used by RMAF. On the average,
the total number of hours of attendance each year is about
220.
The FMATC has always had a reputation
for smart turnouts on special parades and this was proudly
upheld last year when the cadets took part in three important
parades. These were the Pesta Youth Festival Parade, the Merdeka
Parade, and the Remembrance Day parade. It is now up to the
new cadets to maintain this fine reputation on future parades.
Last December we had our annual ten days
camp at the RMAF base in K. L. where the cadets experienced
fully an airman's life. The cadets received intensive training
during those ten days, including visits to the hangars and to
the RMAF Technical and Flying Training School to see the
airmen at work. This was climaxed when our cadets flew in the
Doves, Twin Pioneers, and the Cessna 310D's of the RMAF to
places like Klang and Port Swettenham and back. All in all, the
camp was enjoyed by everyone.
The Malayan Air Training Corps in Singapore
annually invites two representatives from the FMATC to attend
their ten-day camp where cadets from Australia, New Zealand and
India are also invited. This year two cadets were recommended
to represent the V.I. Flight. They were Flt Sgt Rajendran and
Cpl Quah Chek Jwee. The former was chosen.
The success of the FMATC can be seen
in that most of the officers of the RMAF were former members
of the Air Training Corps. Two of our cadets who were V.I. boys
have distinguished themselves lately. One was our former Flt Sgt
Bhaskar G. Raye who was one of the few selected for pilot training
in the Indian Air Force out of the 12,000 men who sat for the
preliminary examinations - an achievement indeed!
The other was our former Cpl Maniam Nadesan
who is now a Pilot Officer in the RMAF. He was selected to
attend a pilot training course in New Zealand which started in
July.
The present strength of the V.I. Flight
consists of 45 cadets and NCOs. The N.C.O.'s are:
Flt Sgt N. Rajendran
Flt Sgt Goh Kong Teng
Sgt. George Thirumany
Cpl Chong Teck Min
Cpl Kwan Lin Kun
Cpl Quah Chek Jwee
Our flight has lost the valuable services
rendered by P/O Dorai Raj who has been transferred. At present
we have only one commissioned officer attached to the V.I. flight.
He is F/O E. J. Lawrence, the Adjutant of the Corps, who is assisted
by Cadet Officer V. Manuel.
We would like to thank the officers for their
part in maintaining the discipline of the Corps.
N. Rajendran, Flt Sgt
1963
This year the cadets were given
training which emphasised the practical side of things.
Lectures on Theory of Flight and Aircraft Recognition were
given with an eye towards questions likely to be asked at
interviews for training in the Air Force. Through the kind
permission of Major Wong, NCOs from the Territorial Army taught
the cadets how to strip Bren Guns and Browning Automatic pistols,
among other things. Major Wong himself gave talks to the boys
in jungle fighting tactics adopted against the terrorists during
the Emergency, together with lectures on the various armaments,
and the boys were also shown the new self-loading rifle from
Belgium.
Training also included practical sessions
and the cadets were given a chance to fly with the air crews
of the RMAF. Night flying was an added attraction and is available
to the cadets weekly. Cross-country flights during the day were
also undertaken and some lucky ones had flown as far north as
Kota Bharu, while recently two cadets flew down to Singapore.
In this respect our cadets are very fortunate when compared with
other organisations. Range practices were also conducted and apart
from a few bruised shoulders there were smiles all round!
Two big parades are in store this year. The
first has already taken place. This was a combined parade with
the RMAF Volunteer Reserve which was a farewell parade to the
Chief of Air Staff, Group Captain Stacey. The cadets were
entertained to a cocktail and dance after the parade. The second
parade will be the Malaysia Day parade. A special contingent of
13 cadets will take part in the morning parade at the Merdeka
Stadium together with the regulars while the main part of the
Corps will take part in the evening parade on Malaysia Day at
the Children's Rally. The usual high standard of drill will no
doubt be maintained.
As usual this year, two cadets were selected
to represent the FMATC at the camp organised by the Air Training
Corps in Singapore, and the cadet chosen from the V.I. Flight was
Cpl. Quah. They flew down to Seletar in a RMAF Dove and while
there each had a chance to fly Meteor jets. The activities organised
by the MATC in Singapore included visits to Woodlands naval base
and Changi by RAF launch, a fire-fighting display in which a disused
Shackleton bomber was set alight, range practice with Brens, jet
engine experience with a Vampire trainer, and helicopter flights,
among the various visits to the parts of the air base. While there,
they met cadets from New Zealand, Australia and India and a lot was
learned about the corps in their countries.
Once again this year, two of our V.I. air cadets
have passed the most rigorous of tests to be commissioned in the
Air Force. First is former Cpl Lim Beng Huat, who is now a
Pilot Officer undergoing pilot training in New Zealand. Next is
our former Flight-Sergeant Goh Kong Teng who has been accepted
as a Pilot Officer in the RMAF Volunteer Reserve and is also
undergoing pilot-training. He thus achieves the rare distinction
of being one of the few boys who have received a commission while
still in school. Best wishes to both our pilots!
It can be seen that though under strength;
we have achieved a considerable amount of practical training,
and activities were arranged successfully in spite of difficulties.
Indecision as to whether the Corps should exist wholly or be split
up into school units has resulted in there being no recruitment
for the past two years. However, with the formation of Malaysia,
rapid expansion of the Corps is anticipated and closer ties with
our fellow cadets across the Causeway is feasible in the near
future.
The strength of the V.I. Flight at present
is 25. The NCOs are:
Acting Sergeant Quah Chek Jwee
Cpl Kwan Lin Kan
We would like to thank our officers, F/O
Lawrence and P/O Manuel for helping to keep up the discipline
and good behaviour of our cadets.
Quah Chek Jwee, Acting Sgt
1964
The activities this year have been very much reduced because
of existing indecision as regards the future of the Corps. It is anticipated
that recruitment will begin next year and the Corps will be expanded to link up
the major schools of Malaysia.
Despite the lack of organised activities, the cadets have
managed to log a creditable 39 hours of flying. This year we had opportunities
to fly in the Herald and Heron transport aircraft and the Alouette helicopters
which have just been acquired by the RMAF in addition to the usual Twin
Pioneer and Dove flights. We would like to thank the RMAF for extending
such privileges to us.
Speech Day this year had a special significance for us as
we were honoured by a visit from the Chief of Air Staff, Air Commodore C.S.J.
West who landed on our school field in an Alouette helicopter. The helicopter
was a major exhibit put up by the ATC and attracted many curious spectators.
Besides this, we put up exhibits of flying gear and survival kits while the
third Annual Open Aircraft-Recognition Competition was conducted successfully.
We would like to thank Aviation Services (Malaysia) Ltd for their gift of the
aviation literature and aircraft models which were put on display.
Our cadets took part in a major parade this year on the
occasion of the Birthday of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. His Majesty inspected
the guard of honour and, despite our reduced numbers, our cadets made up for
it with their smartness and efficiency.
The two cadets selected to attend the annual camp
organised by the Malayan Air Training Corps in Singapore this year were
Sgt George Thirumany and AC 2 Abdul Manap. In addition to cadets from India,
Australia and New Zealand, they met cadets from the U.K. A novel feature
this year was a flying tour of Singapore Island made in a Cessna aircraft
of the Singapore Flying Club. The cadets had flying experience in Beverleys,
Whirlwind helicopters and Pioneer Aircraft. We would like to express our
thanks to the MATC for the hospitality accorded to our cadets.
Our strength at present stands at 18. The NCOs are:-
Acting Sgt Quah Chek Jwee
Corporal Kwan Lin Kun
We would like to express our gratitude for the guidance
given to us by our officers, Flying Officer E.J. Lawrence and Pilot Officer
V. Manuel.
Quah Chek Jwee, Acting Sgt
Reminiscences of some
former Air Cadets
ATC attendance was somewhat of a disappointment for me.
I had anticipated learning a whole lot about flying and having experiences
with flying. Instead, most Sunday mornings were spent on the parade ground
drilling and marching. I regarded these repetitive drills a real chore and
mindless exercise.
The most productive time was when five or so of us were
selected to have some flying training. In all we had two or three lessons
which amounted to about half hour to one hour of flight training time for
each. I enjoyed this first new experience in a Tiger Moth. The first time
I went up, I thought I was going to fall off each time the plane banked
to do a turn because the cockpit was open. When the plane banked to the
right, I would lean over to the left to counteract the action of the plane!
It certainly did not make any difference because we were strapped in -
so when I got used to the plane after some time, I did have the courage
to look out to have a look at the view below. It was an exhilarating
experience.
The other memorable occasion was when all cadets had a
chance to go to camp in Singapore. We had a chance to meet cadets from
the whole country. There were various activities including visits to
different bases - naval as well as air bases - in Singapore. I left the
ATC after Form 5 or Lower 6 because I did not feel that I was getting
much more out of it.
Krishna Rajaratnam (1953-1959)
My interest in aeronautics led me to join
the ATC as I was already a keen aeromodeller then. We were issued
with a uniform each, and boots and a beret which I wore proudly.
Uniforms had to be clean and properly ironed when we wore them
on parade. I loved those boots - they were of good quality leather.
We were taught how to polish our boots. It was essential to get a
glossy shine on them or you could incur disciplinary action if they
were not up to par during inspections at drills and parades.
Drills were held every Sunday morning until around
lunch time. They were held at the ATC quarters at the old KL airport
where the RAF was also stationed. So every Sunday morning, smartly
dressed in starchy uniform and beret, I would cycle all the way from
my home in Lower Ampang Road to what is now the old K.L. airport to
attend drills, parades and inspections. (Sometimes, the drills were
held at the school grounds.) After that we attended indoor sessions/classes
in which we were taught aeronautical subjects, like how an aeroplane
flies, aeronautical terms, aircraft recognition, morse code and map
reading. My aeromodelling experience came in very handy indeed. After
these indoor sesssions, it was back into the hot sun again for more
drills and parades before being dismissed.
One of the best perks of being in the ATC was the
opportunity to get free joy rides on aircraft of the Royal Air Force
which was stationed at K.L. airport at that time. To get a free ride
in an RAF plane, you simply donned your uniform and turned up at any
one of the RAF flight mission stations at the airport and requested
a ride. Your chances of getting a ride depended on whether or not
there were flights scheduled for that day, the nature of the flight
mission and on the discretion of the pilot himself.
My first flight was on a Valetta aircraft that was
on a propaganda leaflet dropping mission to a jungle area in Negri
Sembilan. On another occasion, I boarded a Dakota DC3 aircraft
that was on a voice broadcast mission to another jungle area in Negri
Sembilan. On both occasions, the missions were to urge the Communist
Party members to surrender. I also managed to obtain a helicopter ride
on a routine flight to a nearby base and back. Thus my long and arduous
Sunday bicycle journeys to K.L. airport were well rewarded!
I also recall Sgt N. P. Doshi and Balwant Singh but
mostly I recall the Raye twins - Bhaskar and Dibakar - who were one
year below me. They were really keen about a career in the air force
and thus excelled in the ATC. They had become Flight Sergeant and
Sergeant respectively by the time I left the ATC at the end of 1959.
Outstation cadets billeted at the V.I. enjoy a sing-along with Kor Voon (1958)
The 1958 ATC Annual Parade was held in the V.I. in,
I think, August. It was a day long affair which kicked off with a
formal parade and march past followed by sessions on aeronautical/air
force subjects, etc. In between these were leisure activities. Some
cadets flew model planes and, in my case, I had a jam session with
outstation cadets in a V.I. classroom where I was billeting with them.
A certain amount of bonding certainly took place in these annual events.
Lee Kor Voon (1955-1959)
I tried to join in the ATC in Form 2 but the powers that be
decided I was too young. Therefore I joined when I was in Form 4. By that time
the ATC was beginning to decline but I did attend one of the annual camps and
was scheduled to go fly just like the rest but I was in the last batch and
when our turn came, for some reason they cancelled the flying. Maybe it was
getting late. Of course I was pissed off.
When I was in Lower 6, I and another ATC cadet, Wong Ah Kum,
a Form 4 boy, hit upon an idea. One Saturday, dressed in our uniforms, we went
down to Sungei Besi at 7.30 a.m., went into the Operations Room, saluted the
officer in charge and asked if we could go flying in one of the training flights.
To our surprise, we were allowed to, in a Twin Pioneer doing circuits. After
this both of us then decided to go for broke and so, during the school holidays,
we would go down to the air base two or three times a week, ask for flights and,
four times out of five, we got to go up!
This went on during 1963 and Ah Kum and I racked up about
60 hours each in the Twin Pioneer, Dove, Devon, the Cessna, Herald, Provost
(for a night flight) and a couple of helicopter flights. We flew down to
Seletar and Changi, had the best roti prata (roti chanai in
Malaysia) that I have ever had, had lunch in Changi Village, and flew back
up along the coast, on what seemed like an anti-piracy patrol. Another time,
we went to Taiping, picked up supplies and flew on to a jungle fort in North
Perak (Fort Betis, I think) where there was an Orang Asli settlement and a
Police Field Force camp, had lunch there and then flew back to KL.
One flight we missed was supposed to be on a Herald to
Kuching, when we got off-loaded at the last minute. We found out later that
the plane was going to pick up and bring back bodies of Malaysian soldiers
killed there (remember it was Confrontation then in 1963). Basically, we
got to go to various jungle strips and towns in Johor, Pahang and Malacca
on training flights. Those were the good old days!
Ah Kum went on to become an RMAF Twin Pioneer pilot and
a flying instructor but left after five or six years and is now a desk-bound
cost accountant with British Airways in London!
N. Ganesan (1958-1964)
Ganesan and Goh Kong Teng, I remember, were in senior ranks.
I must say I did not enjoy myself too much in the ATC and I think I did faint
on the Parade Grounds on one occasion. What a hero!
Venu Sarma (1958-1964)
In my view most people who joined ATC must have harboured an
interest in flying, whether in the air force or private sector. I know I once
hoped to join the air force, for while in the MU I joined the RMAFVR to train
as a pilot, and did fly solo. But I later decided to go into the law and
left for the UK. Ganesan joined the RMC to train as an air force officer,
but then decided to leave to pursue higher education instead. I remember
Ganesan and myself going on occasional night flights on air force planes
while in the ATC. I feel fairly sure Kong Teng and Chek Jwee must have done
the same too. The planes then available for such joy rides were mainly Twin
Pioneers, Doves and the occasional Herald. Goh Kong Teng rose to be a sergeant,
and Chek Jwee probably, too.
Swaran Ludher (right) at Annual Camp with cadets from Technical Institute and SJI (1961)
The ATC was disbanded about 1964. I left the ATC at the
end of 1963. I don't know why the disbandment occurred, but it may have
had something to do with the closure or relocation of the Malay Residential
School which comprised one of the three contingents of the KL ATC.
Swaran Ludher (1958-1964)
In the glory days (around 1960 and earlier) there were
three squadrons that formed the Federation of Malaya Air Training Corps,
one each in Penang (Technical Institute), Ipoh (either Anderson School
or St Michaels) and KL (comprising boys from V.I. and St Johns). We
used to have annual camps when we all moved into an air force base for
about two weeks and flew in the aircraft of the nascent Royal Malaysian
Air Force. I was fortunate enough to be one of two cadets selected to
represent the FMATC at Singapore's ATC camp at Seletar air base and
scored a flight in a Meteor jet trainer (a tandem seater). Those were
exciting times!
Sad to say the wise (??) ones in authority (who deserve
to be taken up to 10,000 ft and made to sky jump without parachutes)
decided at some stage to terminate the ATC's existence. The actual year
when it happened is a bit hazy - probably 1963 or earlier.
Quah Chek Jwee (1959-1965)